Choosing a Healthy Puppy
You are finally ready for a companion or a family pet. You
already made the decisions on whether you want a dog or cat,
male or female, purebred or mixed breed. Now you are looking
for just the right animal. Do you know what to look for in
a healthy pet? What type of disposition will fit your lifestyle?
Your final decision will probably be one of the heart but
we can give you a couple of suggestions to guide you as far
as health and temperament.
Age and disposition
The best age at which to buy a puppy is around eight weeks
of age. They have become self-reliant but are still impressionable.
It's also a good time to establish some bonds of affection
and begin training. The young puppy learns rules of behavior
and how to relate to others from its littermates and its mother's
reactions. The overly aggressive pup will probably be aggressive
as an older dog; the withdrawn, inactive puppy will probably
remain timid. Although care, feeding, and socialization of
a pet after purchase are very important, you can determine
much from their behavior at eight weeks of age. Pick a puppy
that likes to play, is eager for attention, and reacts positively
to affection.
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The head
Examine the condition of the puppy. Is the nose cool and damp,
or are there signs of a nasal discharge? The gums should be
a bright pink; a pale color can mean anemia or a problem with
worms. Are the teeth clean and straight? If the upper and lower
teeth are undershot or overshot, the problem will not correct
itself. Eyes should be bright, clear, and look straight ahead.
White spots or visible lines on the surface of the eye can mean
problems. Check for redness or inflammation of the third eyelid,
or eyelids that roll in or outward. The ear canals should be
clean and odor-free. A build-up of wax and dirt, head shaking,
or tenderness could indicate ear mites or infection.
The body
Feel the stomach. A swollen stomach can indicate poor diet or
possible worm infestation. A bulge at the navel or groin can
mean a hernia. Is the heartbeat strong and regular? The genitals
should be clean and free from irritation which could indicate
worms, diarrhea, or a digestive disorder. Both testicles should
be present in the male. The coat should be fluffy, clean, and
free of mats. Sores, itching, or deposits in the fur indicate
fleas, mites, or other parasites.
The bones and muscles
Finally, check for soundness and structure. Are the legs straight
and well formed? Are the toes well arched? Does the pet run
without lameness? Be wary of an animal that is thin and underweight
or noticeable overweight. The most desirable pet is one that
appear correctly proportioned for its age and weight.
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